It is said that India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of the country for a quarter century. However, tapping of the resources does not appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved.

In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development. Discuss.

Environmental impact assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before a project is cleared by the government. Discuss the environmental impacts of coal-fired thermal plants located at pitheads.

How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?

Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss.

Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions.

Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.

In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India. Elaborate.

Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom.

Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss.